Here's a list of magic weapons. There are no locations listed, unfortunately. The long table lists Name/ID#/weight/value/charge cost formula/enchantment on weapon.
http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Skyrim:Imperial_Bow_of_Ice#Imperial_Bow_of_Ice
I've found a shorter list with locations here. The descriptions are geared toward where to find the weapon more than what it does.
http://www.realsg.com/2011/11/guide-skyrim-unique-weapons-detailed.html
UPDATE: Another list of unique weapons and their locations.
http://segmentnext.com/2011/11/14/elder-scrolls-v-skyrim-unique-weapons-location-guide/
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